Economic Inequalities

Lecturer: Hoang Van Khieu

Tutorial: Hoang Van Khieu

Exam: 60-minute exam

Lectures and tutorials will be held in English.

In case of further questions, please contact: Hoang Van Khieu

 

Lecture

The lecture consists of four parts contributing to the understanding of economic inequalities.

  1. Facts about incomes and wealth
  2. A simple approach to modelling distributions of wealth
  3. Modelling the fat right tail of the wealth distribution
  4. Programming

The course begins with motivation for the topic of incomes, wealth, distributions of income and wealth, and inequality. In order to better understand the facts, students will get to know tools such as density functions, quantiles, top shares, Gini coefficient and a lot more to analyze a distribution. We further take a detailed look at distributions of income and wealth in the US and Europe. We also discuss the link between globalization of labor markets and inequality.

In part 2 we describe a parsimonious yet powerful two-period overlapping generations-model to analyze wealth distributions in the presence of bequests, labor income and stochastic individual abilities. Firstly, we will provide more background on expected utility maximization and the like, such that subsequently, we are able to dissect this model step by step and describe model-inferred distributional properties such as the mean, the variance and the distribution itself of course.

Within part 3 we focus on other approaches to describe wealth distributions as well as inequality given different impacts. In order to give an example, one can think of precautionary saving as a tool to reduce uncertainty and smooth consumption over time. However, this may have an influence on wealth accumulation and, ultimately, the wealth distribution. One can further highlight papers on Pareto distributions at this point. As the latter is what we typically observe for the right tail of a wealth distribution, it marks a powerful connection between theoretical models and empirical data. This will be further explored by covering certain models from well-published papers.

In part 4 students will get to know Python, a widely used programming language that allows for computing numerical solutions. The importance of Python of course goes much beyond behavioral macroeconomics, economics or business administration. It is used in finance, in mathematics and in many other fields. Large banks and insurance companies also use Python (or closely related other numerical software). Students will learn Python from scratch (no previous programming experience is required) and learn how to plot figures, run loops, use if-conditions and solve differential equations. All of this will be taught using the questions on the problem sets of this course. A close link between economic intuition and numerical solutions will always be present.

Slides will be made available in JGU-LMS (Moodle) soon.

Tutorial

TBD

References

Newspaper articles

Source: The Guardian

Source: New York Times

 

References

Bossmann, Kleiber and Wälde (2007) - Bequests, taxation and the distribution of wealth in a general equilibrium model

Piketty and Zucman (2015) - Wealth and Inheritance in the Long Run

Benhabib, Bisin and Zhu (2011) - The Distribution of Wealth and Fiscal Policy in Economies with Finitely Lived Agents

Benhabib and Bisin (2018) - Skewed Wealth Disrtibutions: Theory and Empirics

Khieu (2024) – On The Distribution of Lifetime Wealth Accumulation

Kremer (2006) – Globalization of Labor Markets and Inequality